A list of Vegetables in Ancient Greece

 

ΛΑΧΑΝA

VEGETABLES

• Ἀγλιθάριον = το μικρό σκόρδο, ίσως η σκελίδα
• Ἄγλις = clove of garlic, σκελίδα σκόρδο
• Ἀνδράφαξυς = spinach, orach, λεμπουτιά
• Ἀσπάραγος = asparagus, -//-
• Βίκος = peas, αρακάς
• Βλίτον = purple amaranth, βλήτο
• Βολβοῖο (Μεγαρῆας, ἐν τῇ Ταυρικῇ Χερρονήσῳ.) = onion, κρεμμύδι

*Now if you want an onion, just consider

What great expense it takes to make it good:

You must have cheese, and honey, and sesame,

Oil, leeks, and vinegar, and assafœtida,

To dress it up with; for by itself the onion

Is bitter and unpleasant to the taste.

• Γήθυον/γήτειον/κρόμμυον = onion, κρεμμύδι
• Γογγυλίδα (τὴν Μαντινικὴν) = turnips, -//-
• Ἐρέβινθοι = vetches/chickpeas, -//-

*While they are green and tender, the bean and vetch take the place of sweetmeats; but when they are dry they are usually eaten boiled or roasted. *ἐρέβινθοι were eaten roasted like chestnuts, and sometimes raw, for dessert.

• Εὔζωμον = arugula, ρόκα
• Ἠλακάτη = distaff, η ρόκα, διχαλωτό ξύλο στο οποίο τοποθετείται μία ποσότητα μαλλιού για γνέσιμο
• Θρίδαξ/Θριδακίνη (ἐν δὲ Σμύρνῃ καὶ Γαλατίᾳ) = lettuce; lettuce bread, μαρούλι; χορτόψωμο με μαρούλι 

*those who are much addicted to the use of lettuces are very little adapted for pleasures of love

• Καρωτόν = carrot, καρότο

* which is a large and well-grown carrot, more juicy than the σταφυλῖνος

• Καυκαλίς = Mediterranean hartwort, καυκαλήθρα
• Κεφαλωτόν = leek, πράσο
• Κινάρα = artichoke, αγκινάρα
• Κολοκύνθη/Κολοκύντη (Μαγνησίαν) = gourd, νεροκολόκυθο

*calls the long gourd, known as κολοκύντη, the Indian gourd. But the people of Megalopolis call the same the Sicyonian gourd. Now the Indian gourd is usually boiled, but that called κολοκύντη is usually roasted. 

• Κράμβη = cabbage, λάχανο
• Λάπαθον = sorrel, αγριοσέσκλο ή αρκολάχανο
• Λάχανον = vegetable, λαχανικό
• Πέπερι = pepper, πιπεριά

*If any one buys pepper and brings it home, They torture him by law like any spy. *Pepper indeed is a fruit: and there are two kinds of it; the one is round, like a vetch, having a husk, and is rather red in colour; but the other is oblong, black, and full of seeds like poppy-seeds. But this kind is much stronger than the other. Both kinds are heating, on which account they are used as remedies for, and antidotes against, hemlock.  

*And people who are suffocated are recovered by an infusion of vinegar and pepper, or else by the fruit of the nettle when crushed. 

• Πράσον = leek, -//- 
• Ῥαφανῖς = radish, ρεπάνι

*που στην αρχαία Αθήνα τον χρησιμοποιούσαν για την τιμωρία τών μοιχών 

• Σίκυς = cucumber, αγγούρι
• Σκόροδον = garlic, σκόρδο 
• Σταφυλῖνος = carrot, καρότο, δαυκί
• Τεῦτλον (τὰ παρ’ Ἀσκραίοις) = beetroot, παντζάρι
• Τρύφων [DOR] = little radish, παρὰ Δωριεῦσι τὰς μικρὰς ῥαφανῖδας λέγεσθαι
• Ὕδνα = orach, λεμπουτιά

*The following things which grow wild should be boiled,—beetroot, mallow, sorrel, nettes, spinach, onions, leeks, orach, and mushrooms. 

Sources:

• Deipnosophistae
• Wiktionary (En & Gr)